A Brief History of Burns Night
How a Scottish Poet’s Birthday Became a Global Celebration
Heritage, Scottish Holidays
Burns Night is the annual celebration of the famous Scottish poet Robert Burns and his significance in Scottish culture. Held on January 25th, “Burns Nicht” is an evening for Scots and the Scottish diaspora to come together to pay tribute to the national bard and his enduring impact on Scottish literature and culture.
About Robert Burns
Robert Burns, or Rabbie as he is affection ally known, was born in 1759 in Alloway, Scotland. He is thought to be one of the most important figures in Scottish literature. His poetry and songs, written in the Scottish dialect, captured the hearts of Scotland’s people. His work is still celebrated today. Burns’ work is ripe with themes of love, nature, and politic. His writing celebrates the beauty and richness of Scotland and its people.
The Origins of Burns Night
The first Burns Supper was organised by Burns’ close friends, including fellow poet Robert Riddell and local businessman John Murdoch, as a tribute to the life and legacy of the poet. The event was held in the home of John Murdoch in Ayrshire, Scotland, and was attended by a small group of friends and admirers of Burns.
During the supper, Burns’ poetry was read, his songs were sung, and toasts were made in his honour. The event featured a traditional Scottish meal including haggis, which was brought in with great ceremony, and recitation of “Address to a Haggis”, a poem written by Burns himself.
The first Burns Supper was a great success, and it was decided that the event should be held annually to commemorate the poet’s birthday. The tradition quickly spread and, as time went on, began to be celebrated in other parts of Scotland and around the world.
How To Celebrate Burns Night
Whether you’re hosting a large gathering or a small intimate dinner, these traditional elements of the Burns Night celebration create a wonderful atmosphere that honours the poet and his work, celebrates Scottish culture and heritage, and brings people together to share in the celebration of Burns’ life and legacy.
The Haggis
The haggis is a traditional Scottish dish made from sheep’s heart, liver, and lungs, encased in stomach lining. It is considered to be a symbol of Scottish heritage and culture, and is often seen as an embodiment of Burns’ celebration of the simplicity and rusticity of Scottish life. In Burns Night, the haggis is served as the main course and is accompanied by neeps and tatties.
The Address to the Haggis
Before the haggis is served, someone will give an “Address to the Haggis,” a tribute to the dish which is traditionally recited by Burns’ poetry. The Address to the Haggis is a humorous and celebratory speech that praises the haggis, and its significance as a Scottish dish. It is an important element of the Burns Night celebrations as it honours the poet’s work and his love for his country and its culture.
Reading of Burns’ Poetry
Burns’ poetry is an integral part of the celebration, and his works are read during the event. These readings often include some of Burns’ most famous poems such as “Auld Lang Syne,” “To a Mouse,” “Tam o’ Shanter” and others. The readings are a way to honour the poet and his work, and to ensure that his legacy lives on through his poetry.
The Toast to the Immortal Memory
The Toast to the Immortal Memory is a tribute to the life and legacy of Robert Burns. This toast is traditionally given by the host of the event and it is a way of honouring the poet, his work and his contributions to Scottish literature.
Singing of Burns’ Songs
The singing of Burns’ songs is an important element of the celebration. These songs often include some of Burns’ most famous works such as “Auld Lang Syne,” “My Love is Like a Red, Red Rose,” and others.
The Selkirk Grace
The Selkirk Grace is a traditional Scottish grace, which is recited before the meal. It is a way of showing gratitude for the food and the company, and it is often recited in Burns’ dialect.
Each of these elements is important in Burns Night celebrations, and together they create a wonderful atmosphere that honours the poet and his work, celebrates Scottish culture and heritage, and brings people together to share in the celebration of Burns’ life and legacy.
The Spread of Burns Night
Burns Night has spread beyond Scotland and is now celebrated globally by those of Scottish descent. The tradition, which began as a small gathering of friends in Ayrshire, Scotland in 1801, has grown to be a widely celebrated event in many countries around the world.
Why is this? One of the main reasons for the popularity of Burns Night is the universal appeal of Burns’ poetry. Additionally, the traditional elements of a Burns Night celebration such as the haggis, the address to the haggis, and the reading of Burns’ poetry, have become symbols of Scottish heritage and culture, and have helped to spread the celebration around the world.
In the United States, Burns Night is celebrated by Scottish societies and cultural organisations, as well as by individuals. Many American cities have annual Burns Night celebrations, and some notable ones include the Burns Night Celebration in New York City and the Robert Burns Dinner in San Francisco.
In Canada, the celebration of Burns Night is also a popular event. Canadian cities such as Toronto, Vancouver, and Ottawa have annual Burns Night celebrations, and they often feature traditional Scottish meals, readings of Burns’ poetry, and the singing of his songs.
Australia is another country where Burns Night is celebrated with great enthusiasm. Australian cities such as Sydney, Melbourne, and Perth have annual Burns Night celebrations, which often include traditional Scottish meals, readings of Burns’ poetry, and the singing of his songs.
In Asia, Burns Night is celebrated in countries such as Japan, South Korea, and China, where there are Scottish societies and cultural organisations that hold events to celebrate the poet’s birthday.
Overall, Burns Night has become a global celebration that brings people together to honour the life and legacy of the famous Scottish poet Robert Burns. It is a celebration of Scottish heritage and culture and a way to remember the contributions of one of Scotland’s most beloved poets.
The Importance of Burns Night
What began as a small gathering of friends to pay tribute to their loved one has spread globally and become a fixture of Scottish heritage and culture. Although not an official holiday in Scotland or anywhere else in the world, to the Scots and persons of Scottish descent, Robbie Burns birthday as become part of modern Scottish culture. As a symbol of Scottish identity and pride, Burns Night keeps the poet’s legacy alive and helps to preserve Scotland’s rich heritage.
For those of Scottish descent, it is a reminder of the importance of preserving our shared traditions and customs.

Diana MacFarlane, FSAScot
Executive Director
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